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Reframing Psychiatry for Precision Medicine.

Elizabeth B Torres1,2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA.

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|September 30, 2020
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Summary

This study reveals that psychiatric conditions share genetic links with neurological disorders, impacting brain and peripheral tissues. Understanding the brain-body connection is crucial for mental health research.

Keywords:
Parkinson’s diseaseataxiaautismfragile Xgene expressionmental depressionmitochondrianervous systems disordersneurological disordersschizophreniatissues

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Current mental illness research primarily focuses on neurobiology, neglecting peripheral contributions.
  • Precision medicine approaches create a gap between behavioral observations and genomic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene expression in various human tissues, including brain, heart, and muscle-skeletal, to bridge the gap between genomics and behavior.
  • To analyze gene expression patterns in relation to disease-associated genes across different conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Interrogated gene expression on human tissues, focusing on disease-associated genes.
  • Recomputed gene expression after removing disease-linked genes to compare outcomes.
  • Compared gene expression profiles across mental illnesses, neurological conditions, and non-neurological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Neuropsychiatric conditions (e.g., autism, schizophrenia, depression) show significant genetic overlap with neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease).
  • Limited genetic overlap was observed between psychiatric and non-neurological conditions.
  • Tissues involved in central control, movement, emotion, and memory, along with peripheral heart and muscle-skeletal tissues, are significantly affected in psychiatric diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • Major psychiatric disorders exhibit strong genetic convergence with neurological conditions, highlighting a shared biological basis.
  • The findings emphasize the critical role of the brain-body connection and peripheral nervous system in mental health.
  • This research advocates for a more integrated approach in precision medicine for mental health disorders.