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Related Concept Videos

Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

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Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Localization and Relative Quantification of Carbon Nanotubes in Cells with Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
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Carbon Nanotubes Interference with Luminescence-Based Assays.

Tomasz Szymański1,2, Marcelina Kempa1,3, Michael Giersig1,4

  • 1Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 Street, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show cytotoxicity in human chondrocytes. Luminescence-based assays used to measure cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found to interfere with CNTs, yielding unreliable results.

Keywords:
biomaterialscarbon nanotubeschondrocytescytotoxicityscaffoldstissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess unique properties for electronics and nanocomposites.
  • Functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) aims to improve biocompatibility for regenerative medicine.
  • Conflicting data exists regarding CNTs' effects in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cytotoxicity of functionalized, oxidized MWCNTs (MWCNT-Ox) on normal human articular chondrocytes (NHAC-kn).
  • To evaluate cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
  • To assess the reliability of luminescence-based assays in the presence of CNTs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized luminescence-based assays for cell viability and ROS detection, avoiding absorbance- and fluorescence-based methods.
  • Exposed NHAC-kn cell line to varying concentrations of MWCNT-Ox.
  • Conducted control experiments using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and H2O2.

Main Results:

  • Cell viability decreased significantly with increasing MWCNT-Ox concentration.
  • MWCNT-Ox exposure initially indicated oxidative stress, followed by decreased ROS at higher concentrations.
  • Control experiments revealed direct interference of CNTs with luminescence assay measurements, indicating unreliable results.

Conclusions:

  • Luminescence-based assays are unreliable for assessing the biological effects of carbon nanotubes due to direct interference.
  • In vitro studies on carbon nanotubes require cautious interpretation, necessitating further investigation into interference mechanisms.
  • The cytotoxicity of MWCNT-Ox on chondrocytes cannot be reliably determined with current luminescence-based methods.