Genotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Advanced In Vitro Models and High Throughput Methods for Human Hazard Assessment-A...

Area of Science:

• Toxicology
• Genetics
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Genetic material alterations can cause cancer and chronic diseases.
• Genotoxicity occurs at DNA, chromosomal, or whole genome levels.
• Understanding genotoxicity mechanisms and detecting genotoxic compounds are vital.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the state-of-the-art in genotoxicity testing for nanomaterials (NMs).
• To explore advanced in vitro models (e.g., 3D models) for NM genotoxicity assessment.
• To present novel detection methods for NM genotoxicity.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of in vitro studies on NM genotoxicity (2000-2020).
• Focus on standard human in vitro models and advanced 3D models.
• Examination of miniaturization, organ-on-a-chip, and high-throughput methods.

Main Results:

• Advanced 3D models offer a more in vivo-like assessment of NM genotoxicity.
• Novel methods are emerging for sensitive and efficient NM genotoxicity detection.
• The review synthesizes current knowledge on NM genotoxicity testing.

Conclusions:

• Advanced in vitro models and novel methods are crucial for accurate NM genotoxicity assessment.
• Improved detection of genotoxic nanomaterials is essential for human health protection.
• Continued research in this area is needed to address emerging risks.