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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Dynamic Self-Consistent Field Approach for Studying Kinetic Processes in Multiblock Copolymer Melts.

Friederike Schmid1, Bing Li1

  • 1Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D 55099 Mainz, Germany.

Polymers
|September 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

We present a semi-analytical method to calculate mobility functions for multiblock copolymers, enabling the study of their dynamic ordering processes without simulations. This approach aids in designing novel nonequilibrium materials.

Keywords:
dynamic density functional theorymultiblock copolymersordering kineticssingle chain structure factortwo-length scale copolymers

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Soft Matter Theory
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Self-consistent field theory (SCFT) is a key framework for mesoscopic polymer systems.
  • Dynamic density functionals extend SCFT to study diffusive, non-inertial dynamics.
  • Mobility functions are crucial for understanding chain connectivity effects on monomer response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a semi-analytical method for calculating mobility functions in linear chain melts.
  • To apply this method to multiblock copolymers without requiring fine-grained simulations.
  • To investigate the ordering dynamics of two-length scale block copolymers after quenching.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-analytical calculation of mobility functions for Rouse-regime linear chains.
  • Derivation of an approximate expression for the single-chain dynamic structure factor.
  • Application of density functional theory to simulate ordering processes post-quench.

Main Results:

  • Accurate mobility functions derived for multiblock copolymers with arbitrary sequences.
  • Identification of distinct early-time (short-scale) and late-time (large-scale) ordering regimes.
  • Observation that deep quenches may prevent relaxation to the true equilibrium state.

Conclusions:

  • The developed density functional approach offers a simulation-free route to study polymer dynamics.
  • The method allows for the investigation of complex ordering phenomena in block copolymers.
  • This approach can guide the computer-assisted design of nonequilibrium materials via tailored quenching protocols.