A facile synthesis of silver nanowires and their evaluation in the mitochondrial membrane potential

Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a high-aspect-ratio were successfully synthesized by a green method using Lavandula angustifolia plant extract. The morphology of the AgNWs was evaluated as a function of the concentration of precursor salt and nucleating agent. Furthermore, AgNWs were analyzed in a biological model using rat liver mitochondria by measuring their effect on membrane potential. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques structurally characterized the nanowires obtained. Also, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) investigated the optical properties of AgNWs. Structural studies show AgNWs fcc with lengths up to 100 μm and diameters ranging from 60 to 130 nm growing in the [110] orientation. Both the CuSO₄ nucleating agent and the centrifugation process are essential for the growth of nanowires. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depends on the concentration of the nanowires (NWs), suggesting dissipation of the electron transport chain. In this way, AgNWs can be used as a potential tool to verify biological reactions, such as modulation of metabolic pathways, together with the evaluation of a possible influence of biotic or abiotic factors in organisms.