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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

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Electrostatic self-assembly enabled flexible paper-based humidity sensor with high sensitivity and superior

Penghui Zhu1,2,3, Yudi Kuang4,5,6, Yuan Wei1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)
|September 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a flexible, paper-based humidity sensor using cellulose fibers and carbon nanotubes. The novel sensor offers excellent performance and durability for various humidity monitoring applications.

Keywords:
Electrostatic self-assemblyHigh sensitivityHumidity sensorRespiration monitoringSuperior durability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Conventional humidity sensors face limitations like structural rigidity, high cost, and complex integration.
  • Cellulose offers a promising alternative due to its hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and low cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and develop a flexible, paper-based humidity sensor with enhanced performance and durability.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional humidity sensors using cellulose-based materials.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a conductive network using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose fibers (TOCFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
  • Utilizing electrostatic self-assembly for adsorbing positively charged CNTs onto negatively charged TOCFs.
  • Leveraging the hydrophilic hydroxyl groups on TOCFs for water molecule adsorption and electron transfer.

Main Results:

  • The sensor exhibits excellent humidity responsiveness with a maximum response value of 87.0% and a response limit of 100%.
  • Outstanding linearity (R² = 0.995) was observed between 11% and 95% relative humidity (RH).
  • Superior durability including bending and folding resistance, along with long-term stability over 3 months.

Conclusions:

  • The developed flexible paper-based humidity sensor demonstrates significant potential for practical applications in humidity monitoring.
  • The sensor shows excellent responsiveness to human breath, fingertip humidity, and ambient air humidity changes.
  • The unique structure of TOCFs/CNTs network contributes to the sensor's enhanced humidity-sensitive properties.