Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.6K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.6K
Competition02:34

Competition

24.0K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
24.0K
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

174
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
174
Unrealistic Optimism Bias01:30

Unrealistic Optimism Bias

124
Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
124
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

41.8K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
41.8K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

6.8K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diagnostic value of whole-mount crypt analysis of ileal biopsy specimens for the patients with familial small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

Therapeutic advances in medical oncology·2023
Same author

Outcomes of Anticoagulation in Patients With Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis From Acute Pancreatitis: A Population-Based Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study.

Pancreas·2023
Same author

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Proton Pump Inhibitor Test in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Noncardiac Chest Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal of clinical gastroenterology·2022
Same author

What Does a Positive Multi-target Stool DNA Test With a Negative Colonoscopy Can AND Cannot Tell Us About Risk of Aerodigestive Cancers Incidence.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2020
Same author

APECED-Associated Hepatitis: Clinical, Biochemical, Histological and Treatment Data From a Large, Predominantly American Cohort.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2020
Same author

"Dwarfing" White Strands on Screening Colonoscopy!

Gastroenterology·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.5K

Competition Shadow: Anchoring to Fear Versus Hope in Estimating Rivals in Competition.

Ehsan Chitsaz1, Seyed Mahdi Etemadifard2, Somayeh Khoshsoroor3

  • 1School of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran1.

Advances in Cognitive Psychology
|September 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated how fear and hope influence strategic decisions and rival estimation in competitions. Trait anxiety significantly impacts how accurately individuals assess their opponents, especially within a competitive context.

Keywords:
decision makingfearhoperival estimationrivalrytrait anxiety

More Related Videos

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

76.3K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

15.5K
How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry
14:34

How to Create and Use Binocular Rivalry

Published on: November 10, 2010

76.3K
The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Emotions like fear and hope can influence strategic decision-making.
  • Accurate rival estimation is crucial for success in competitive environments.
  • Trait anxiety may moderate the relationship between emotions and decision-making accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of fear and hope on strategic decision-making.
  • To examine the relationship between these emotions and the accuracy of rival estimation.
  • To explore the moderating role of trait anxiety in rival estimation within a competitive context.

Main Methods:

  • A competition simulation was employed to study decision-making.
  • Data were collected from 221 participants across two countries.
  • Trait anxiety and its interaction with competitive context were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Trait anxiety was found to significantly affect rival estimation.
  • The study identified a nuanced perspective on how trait anxiety impacts objective assessment of rivals.
  • Emotional states (fear and hope) showed varying relationships with decision-making accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Trait anxiety plays a critical role in the accuracy of rival estimation during competitions.
  • Understanding the interplay of emotions and trait anxiety is key to comprehending strategic decision-making.
  • Findings offer theoretical implications for the fields of psychology and behavioral economics.