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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Hyperprogression: A novel response pattern under immunotherapy.

Xue-Jiao Han1, Aqu Alu1, Yi-Nan Xiao2

  • 1Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Clinical and Translational Medicine
|September 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Checkpoint blockade therapy can cause hyperprogression, a harmful acceleration of cancer growth in 4-29% of patients. Understanding this side effect is crucial for improving cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
HPDPD-1/PD-L1checkpoint blockade therapyhyperprogressionhyperprogressive disease

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Checkpoint blockade therapy offers significant benefits for various cancers.
  • A subset of patients (4-29%) experience tumor flare, termed hyperprogression, a detrimental side effect of this therapy.
  • Hyperprogression accelerates disease progression, necessitating a deeper understanding of its mechanisms and clinical implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review immune checkpoint blockade biomarkers.
  • To elucidate the epidemiology, definitions, and predictors of hyperprogression.
  • To explore pathophysiological hypotheses and differentiate hyperprogression from pseudoprogression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research findings on hyperprogression.
  • Analysis of existing evidence supporting pathophysiological hypotheses.
  • Comparative analysis of hyperprogression and pseudoprogression.

Main Results:

  • Identified potential biomarkers for checkpoint blockade therapy.
  • Detailed the incidence and predictors of hyperprogression across various cancer types.
  • Presented evidence for underlying mechanisms of hyperprogression.
  • Distinguished hyperprogression from pseudoprogression.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperprogression is a significant concern in checkpoint blockade therapy, affecting a notable percentage of patients.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand and manage hyperprogression.
  • Clarifying hyperprogression is essential for optimizing immunotherapy strategies and patient care.