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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Amorphous ice is vital for preserving biological samples in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM).
  • Water exists in at least two amorphous states: high-density (HDA) and low-density (LDA), mirroring liquid water states.
  • Understanding HDA-LDA transitions is key to optimizing cryo-EM sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phase transition between high-density amorphous ice (HDA) and low-density amorphous ice (LDA).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving the HDA to LDA transition under electron beam irradiation.
  • To quantify the localized heating effects during cryo-EM imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electron diffraction and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to observe the phase transition.
  • Correlated observations with X-ray scattering experiments on identically prepared samples.
  • Analyzed electron beam impact effects, including local heating and molecular motion.

Main Results:

  • Observed a phase transition from HDA to LDA induced by electron beam impact.
  • Identified local heating and beam-induced water molecule motion as potential transition mechanisms.
  • Estimated temperature increase, suggesting HDA locally exceeds its glass-transition temperature during cryo-EM.

Conclusions:

  • Electron beam irradiation can induce the HDA to LDA transition in amorphous ice.
  • Localized heating is a significant factor in this phase transition under cryo-EM conditions.
  • Findings provide critical insights into amorphous ice behavior during cryo-EM analysis.