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D-dimer level in COVID-19 infection: a systematic review

Mehrdad Rostami1,2, Hassan Mansouritorghabeh3

  • 1MSc Student of Hematology & Blood Banking, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad, Iran.

Expert Review of Hematology
|September 30, 2020
PubMed

Insights

High D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients indicate activated coagulation and thrombosis risk. Monitoring D-dimer is crucial for managing the disease and predicting prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Hematology
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic since December 2019.
  • Early COVID-19 stages show signs of activated coagulation, including high D-dimer, prolonged prothrombin time (PT), and elevated fibrinogen.
  • These markers suggest an increased risk of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze D-dimer levels in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • To investigate the association between D-dimer levels and COVID-19 prognosis.
  • To evaluate the utility of D-dimer measurement in managing COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of three major databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
  • Extraction of data including study location, sample size, demographics, coagulation test values, patient outcomes, and disease severity.
  • Analysis of D-dimer levels as a key indicator of coagulation activation.

Main Results:

  • Elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen levels are observed in the early stages of COVID-19.
  • A 3 to 4-fold increase in D-dimer levels is associated with a poorer prognosis.
  • Pre-existing conditions like diabetes, cancer, stroke, and pregnancy can also elevate D-dimer in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

  • D-dimer is a significant biomarker for detecting thrombosis in COVID-19 patients.
  • Early monitoring of D-dimer and coagulation parameters aids in disease management and prognosis.
  • Measuring D-dimer levels is valuable for risk stratification and clinical decision-making in COVID-19 care.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19D-dimerSARS-CoV-2coagulopathycoronavirus

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