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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Modeling HIV multiple infection.

Ting Guo¹, Zhipeng Qiu², Kosaku Kitagawa³

¹School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Journal of Theoretical Biology

|September 30, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) multiple infections is key to controlling the virus. Cell-to-cell transmission significantly contributes to HIV multiple infections, impacting viral evolution and disease progression.

Keywords:

Cell-to-cell transmission HIV infection Mathematical model Multiple infections Sequential cell-free virus infection

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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

Area of Science:

Virology
Mathematical Biology
Immunology

Background:

Multiple infections by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) complicate treatment by promoting viral escape and drug resistance.
The precise mechanisms driving HIV multiple infections and their relative importance remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the mechanisms of HIV multiple infection, differentiating between sequential cell-free and cell-to-cell transmission.
To quantify the contributions of different transmission modes to multiple infections in HIV-infected cells.

Main Methods:

Development and analysis of a mathematical model incorporating both sequential cell-free and cell-to-cell HIV transmission routes.
Model parameterization and validation using distribution data of proviral genomes from HIV-infected spleen cells.

Main Results:

The mathematical model accurately explains multiple HIV infections when both cell-free and cell-to-cell transmission are considered.
Numerical simulations indicate that cell-to-cell transmission is the predominant mode for T cell infections.
Cell-to-cell transmission accounts for over half of all multiple-infected cells.

Conclusions:

Cell-to-cell transmission plays a crucial role in the establishment of multiple HIV infections.
Understanding these transmission dynamics is vital for comprehending HIV evolution and pathogenesis.