Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

10.5K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
10.5K
Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions02:15

Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions

7.0K
Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
7.0K
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

4.0K
Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube...
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Augmenting the productivity of stepped distiller by corrugated and curved liners, CuO/paraffin wax, wick, and vapor suctioning.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2021
Same author

Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes in Wastewater Treatment: Filtration Behavior, Fouling and Prevention.

Membranes·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

15.2K

Boron Removal by Membrane Distillation: A Comparison Study.

Abdullah Alkhudhiri1, Nawaf Bin Darwish1, Mohammed Wali Hakami2

  • 1National Center for Desalination & Water Treatment Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.

Membranes
|October 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) and other membrane distillation technologies effectively remove boron from water. AGMD achieved over 99% boron removal, showing promise for desalination applications.

Keywords:
air gap membrane distillationboronmembrane distillationpermeate gap membrane distillationsynthetic seawatervacuum membrane distillation

More Related Videos

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination
09:39

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Published on: March 1, 2020

7.8K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids
06:45

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

15.2K
Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination
09:39

Proof-of-Concept for Gas-Entrapping Membranes Derived from Water-Loving SiO2/Si/SiO2 Wafers for Green Desalination

Published on: March 1, 2020

7.8K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids
06:45

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Water treatment technologies
  • Membrane separation processes
  • Environmental engineering

Background:

  • Boron contamination in water sources poses challenges for desalination.
  • Membrane Distillation (MD) is explored for boron removal from various water types.
  • Existing desalination methods like reverse osmosis (RO) may not fully remove boron.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD), Permeate Gap Membrane Distillation (PGMD), and Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) for boron removal.
  • To assess the impact of varying boron concentrations, circulation rates, feed temperatures, and pH on MD performance.
  • To determine the suitability of MD technologies for treating contaminated brackish water and synthetic seawater.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated three MD configurations: VMD, PGMD, and AGMD.
  • Tested boron removal efficiency across concentrations of 1.5, 7, and 30 ppm.
  • Optimized operating parameters including circulation rate (0.9–5 L/min), feed temperature (40–70 °C), and pH (3–11).
  • Evaluated performance using synthetic seawater and water with relevant boron concentrations.

Main Results:

  • All tested MD technologies demonstrated high boron removal efficiency.
  • Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) achieved over 99% boron removal across a wide concentration range.
  • Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) exhibited a notable permeate flux of approximately 5.8 kg/m²·h for synthetic seawater.
  • Boron removal efficiency was largely unaffected by variations in pH.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane Distillation (MD) technologies, particularly AGMD and VMD, are highly effective for boron removal.
  • MD methods show significant potential for application in the desalination industry.
  • The robustness of MD in removing boron across different conditions highlights its versatility.