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Experimental Infection and Genetic Characterization of Two Different Capripox Virus Isolates in Small Ruminants.

Janika Wolff1, Jacqueline King1, Tom Moritz1

  • 1Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Viruses
|October 1, 2020
PubMed
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The study sequenced goatpox virus (GTPV) and sheeppox virus (SPPV), finding the SPPV strain behaved as an attenuated vaccine and the GTPV strain was highly virulent in goats, causing severe disease regardless of infection route.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Animal Health
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Capripox viruses, including lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), goatpox virus (GTPV), and sheeppox virus (SPPV), cause significant diseases in livestock.
  • Accurate genomic data and virulence studies are crucial for understanding and controlling these economically important pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To obtain high-quality, full-length genome sequences of GTPV and SPPV isolates.
  • To evaluate the virulence and pathogenicity of these isolates in their respective host species (goats and sheep) via different infection routes.

Main Methods:

  • Combined nanopore MinION and Illumina sequencing for full genome assembly of GTPV and SPPV.
  • Animal inoculation studies in sheep and goats using intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, and contact infection routes.
Keywords:
GTPVMinIONSPPVcapripoxfield straingoatpoxnanopore sequencingnext-generation sequencingsheeppoxvaccine strain

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  • Clinical observation, viral genome load quantification, and serological analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Sequencing yielded high-quality, full-length genome sequences for both GTPV and SPPV.
    • SPPV-inoculated sheep exhibited mild symptoms, low viral loads, and weak antibody responses, suggesting an attenuated nature.
    • GTPV-inoculated and contact goats developed severe clinical signs, high viral loads across various tissues, and strong seroconversion, indicating high virulence.

    Conclusions:

    • The studied SPPV strain possesses characteristics of an attenuated vaccine candidate.
    • The studied GTPV strain is a highly virulent field strain, causing severe disease in goats irrespective of the inoculation method.