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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
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Persistent dark states in anisotropic central spin models.

Tamiro Villazon1, Pieter W Claeys2, Mohit Pandey3

  • 1Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA. rtvs@bu.edu.

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|October 1, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-lived dark states in solid-state systems prevent qubits from reaching thermal equilibrium. These states exhibit long relaxation times, crucial for quantum computing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Solid-state systems
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Long-lived dark states are common in solid-state systems, where qubits avoid thermal equilibrium with spin baths.
  • Understanding these states is key to advancing quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the prevalence of dark states in inhomogeneous central spin models.
  • To investigate the behavior of dark states away from integrable lines.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of inhomogeneous central spin models.
  • Numerical simulations at accessible system sizes.
  • Investigation of system dynamics and eigenstate properties.

Main Results:

  • Dark states persist even far from integrability, retaining qubit polarization memory.
  • Eigenstates are chaotic but do not follow the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
  • Predicted exponential increase in relaxation times with system size.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies a non-ergodic, chaotic regime in mesoscopic quantum dots and diamond defects.
  • This regime explains long relaxation times and delayed thermalization.
  • Findings suggest potential for robust quantum information storage in these systems.