Distinct lung microbiota associate with HIV-associated chronic lung disease in children
Sudha Bhadriraju1, Douglas W Fadrosh2, Meera K Shenoy2
1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Rm 5K1, San Francisco, CA, 94110-0111, USA.
Scientific Reports
|October 1, 2020
Summary
HIV-positive children with chronic lung disease (CLD) often have distinct airway bacteria. Sputum dominated by Haemophilus, Moraxella, or Neisseria increases CLD risk and shows greater pathogenic potential.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pulmonology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Chronic lung disease (CLD) is a frequent comorbidity in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa.
- Distinct airway microbiota compositions may influence CLD risk in this vulnerable population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between sputum microbiota composition and CLD in HIV-infected children.
- To explore the pathogenic potential of CLD-associated airway bacteria.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of 202 HIV-infected children (aged 6-16 years) in Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Sputum microbiota composition analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA V4 gene sequencing.
- CLD defined by clinical, spirometric, or radiographic criteria.
Main Results:
- 42% of children had CLD.
- Four distinct sputum microbiota structures were identified.
- Microbiota dominated by Haemophilus, Moraxella, or Neisseria (HMN) showed a 1.5-fold increased risk of CLD compared to Streptococcus/Prevotella (SP)-dominated microbiota (RR=1.48, p=0.035).
- In vitro, cell-free products from HMN microbiota induced epithelial disruption and inflammatory gene expression.
Conclusions:
- HIV-positive children exhibit distinct sputum microbiota profiles.
- HMN-dominated microbiota are associated with increased CLD risk and enhanced in vitro pathogenesis.
- Targeting specific airway bacteria may offer novel therapeutic strategies for CLD in HIV-infected children.
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