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Surface Wave Diffraction Pattern Recorded on AlpArray: Cameroon Volcanic Line Case Study.

Petr Kolínský1, Felix M Schneider1,2, Götz Bokelmann1

  • 1Department of Meteorology and Geophysics University of Vienna Vienna Austria.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth
|October 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Seismic surface wave patterns reveal a previously unexplained phenomenon. This study identifies a large upper mantle anomaly beneath Cameroon as the cause, using seismic wave diffraction modeling.

Keywords:
AlpArrayCameroon volcanic linediffractionhotspotsurface wavestomography

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Seismology
  • Earth Sciences

Background:

  • Stripe-like surface wave arrival angle deviations are globally observed but lack explanation.
  • Previous studies noted these patterns without identifying the cause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that seismic wave diffraction at small-scale velocity anomalies causes observed arrival angle deviations.
  • To locate and characterize a specific upper mantle anomaly using seismic data.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing Rayleigh wave patterns from Southern Atlantic Ocean earthquakes recorded by the AlpArray seismic network.
  • Employing a modeling approach to simulate seismic wavefield interaction with velocity anomalies.
  • Utilizing a grid search inversion scheme to pinpoint and define anomaly characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The study identified a significant upper mantle anomaly located in Central Africa, primarily under Cameroon.
  • The anomaly is estimated to be 320-420 km wide, aligning with the Cameroon volcanic line's known low-velocity region.
  • The observed arrival angle deviations are explained as interference patterns from surface wave diffraction.

Conclusions:

  • Diffraction of surface waves at small-scale velocity anomalies can generate systematic arrival angle deviations.
  • A specific upper mantle anomaly beneath Cameroon has been successfully located and characterized.
  • The developed methodology offers a general approach for studying upper mantle anomalies globally.