Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

668
The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
668
Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

592
Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
592
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

356
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
356
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

459
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
459
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

184
The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
184
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

648
Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
648

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Changes in leukocytes and CRP in different treatments of major depression.

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)·2026
Same author

Efficacy, moderators and mediators of cognitive behavioural analysis system of psychotherapy (CBASP) versus behavioural activation (BA) in persistently depressed treatment-resistant inpatients: study protocol for the multicentre, randomised controlled <i>changePDD</i> trial.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Differential DNA-methylation of synaptic genes in CSF and blood in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

A randomized controlled trial of an interactive digital therapeutic for stress and burnout management.

Npj mental health research·2025
Same author

Decision tree-based approach to robust Parkinson's disease subtyping using clinical data of the Michael J. Fox Foundation LRRK2 cross-sectional study.

Frontiers in artificial intelligence·2025
Same author

Epigenetic alterations of serotonergic but not dopaminergic signalling in compulsive sexual behaviour disorder.

Behavioural brain research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

87.2K

[Antipsychotics during pregnancy: a systematic review].

Thomas Hillemacher1,2, Susanne Simen3, Marie-Kathrin Rehme4

  • 1Klinikum Nürnberg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Str. 1, 90419, Nürnberg, Deutschland. thomas.hillemacher@klinikum-nuernberg.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|October 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Antipsychotic use during pregnancy requires careful individual risk-benefit assessment. While large studies are lacking, current evidence suggests antipsychotics may be safe for teratogenicity in monotherapy, minimizing risks when specific guidelines are followed.

Keywords:
AnomaliesAntipsychoticsFetal deathGestation diabetesPregnancyStillbirthsTransplacental exposure

More Related Videos

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

3.4K
Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period
06:40

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Published on: April 5, 2024

731

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

87.2K
Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

3.4K
Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period
06:40

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Published on: April 5, 2024

731

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal psychiatry
  • Pharmacology in pregnancy
  • Maternal-fetal medicine

Background:

  • Antipsychotic medications can cross the placental barrier.
  • Prescribing antipsychotics during pregnancy is often off-label.
  • Balancing treatment benefits against risks is crucial for pregnant patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the risks and benefits of antipsychotic use during pregnancy.
  • To assess teratogenic effects, fetal death, perinatal complications, and postnatal impairments.
  • To guide psychotropic drug selection for pregnant women.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Analysis of studies on antipsychotic administration during pregnancy.
  • Evaluation of drug selection for initiating, continuing, or switching treatment.

Main Results:

  • Limited large, controlled studies exist.
  • Most evidence suggests antipsychotics are safe regarding teratogenicity in monotherapy.
  • Further research is needed to fully ascertain risks.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized risk-benefit assessment is essential for treating mental illness in pregnancy.
  • The risks of untreated mental illness must be weighed against potential antipsychotic harm.
  • Adhering to specific guidelines and selecting appropriate antipsychotics can minimize risks to mother and infant.