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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Blood Pressure01:30

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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
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Blood Pressure01:24

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The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Published on: February 2, 2017

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Hypertension in childhood.

G Ceravolo1, M Fusco1, C Salpietro1

  • 1Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", Unit of Emergency Pediatric, University of Messina, "G. Martino" Policlinic, Italy.

Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents
|October 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood hypertension is a significant cardiovascular risk factor. Early detection and management through lifestyle changes or medication are crucial for preventing long-term health issues in children.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasechildrenhypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood hypertension is an increasing concern with implications for adult cardiovascular risk.
  • It can be primary, linked to lifestyle factors, or secondary to other conditions.
  • Annual blood pressure screening is recommended for children over three, with earlier checks for those with risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of recognizing and managing hypertension in children.
  • To discuss diagnostic challenges and appropriate monitoring methods for pediatric hypertension.
  • To outline current treatment strategies for high blood pressure in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current guidelines and literature on pediatric hypertension.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and multiple office BP measurement (mOBPM).
  • Overview of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension in children poses risks to the heart, kidneys, and central nervous system.
  • Accurate measurement in infants and uncooperative children requires specialized techniques like ABPM and mOBPM.
  • Effective management involves lifestyle modifications and, when necessary, pharmacotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt identification and intervention for childhood hypertension are essential.
  • Appropriate monitoring techniques are vital for accurate diagnosis, especially in challenging pediatric cases.
  • A combination of lifestyle changes and medication can effectively manage pediatric hypertension, mitigating future health risks.