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Serum thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations decrease with severity of nonthyroidal illness in cats and predict

Mark E Peterson^1,2, Danielle L Davignon², Nicole Shaw³

¹Animal Endocrine Clinic, New York, New York, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

|October 1, 2020

Summary

Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in cats often lowers thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Lower T4 and TSH levels in cats with NTIS can indicate a poorer prognosis.

Keywords:

euthyroid sick syndrome feline hypothyroidism thyroid-stimulating hormone

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Endocrinology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) commonly affects thyroid hormone levels in cats.
Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) typically decrease, while free T4 (fT4) varies unpredictably.
Limited data exists on serum thyrotropin (TSH) in cats with NTIS.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize thyroid function alterations in cats with NTIS.
To correlate these thyroid changes with NTIS severity and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

A prospective, cross-sectional study involving 222 cats with NTIS and 380 healthy controls.
Serum concentrations of T4, T3, fT4, and TSH were measured in all cats.
Cats were categorized by illness severity and 30-day survival status.

Main Results:

Cats with NTIS exhibited lower serum T4 and T3 than controls (P<.001).
Serum fT4 and TSH concentrations did not differ between groups.
T4, T3, and fT4 levels decreased with increasing disease severity (P<.001); lower T4, T3, and TSH predicted mortality, while fT4 did not.

Conclusions:

Cats with NTIS frequently present with decreased serum T4, T3, and TSH, with severity correlating to illness progression.
Evaluating thyroid function in cats with severe NTIS is clinically important for predicting treatment success.
Thyroid hormone levels, particularly T4 and TSH, are valuable prognostic indicators in cats with NTIS.