Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Margin of Error01:27

Margin of Error

The margin of error is also called the maximum error of an estimate. The margin of error is the maximum possible or expected difference between the observed sample parameter value and the actual population parameter value. For proportion, it is the maximum difference between the value of sample proportion obtained from the data and the true value of population proportion. As the true value of the population parameter is not known, the margin of error is calculated using the sample statistic.
Errors In Hypothesis Tests01:14

Errors In Hypothesis Tests

When performing a hypothesis test, there are four possible outcomes depending on the actual truth (or falseness) of the null hypothesis and the decision to reject or not.
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex Differences in Psychopathology and Neurocognition in Community Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research·2026
Same author

Neurodevelopmental and behavioral correlates of household structure independent of socioeconomic status.

Psychoradiology·2026
Same author

Within- and between-study site variations in ambient air pollution exposure at ages 9-10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.

Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Cannabis use and glutamate across the psychosis spectrum: in vivo evidence from 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Resilience as a moderator of the association between emotion regulation difficulties and depressive symptoms in late adolescence and young adulthood.

The British journal of clinical psychology·2026
Same author

The Unique Roles of Executive Function in Co-Occurring Psychopathologies in Autism.

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research·2026
Same journal

Applying hierarchical bayesian modeling to experimental psychopathology data: An introduction and tutorial.

Journal of abnormal psychology·2021
Same journal

Higher-order dimensions of psychopathology in a neurodevelopmental transdiagnostic sample.

Journal of abnormal psychology·2021
Same journal

Decreased reward-related brain function prospectively predicts increased substance use.

Journal of abnormal psychology·2021
Same journal

Context matters: Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with increased disordered eating and earlier activation of genetic influences in girls.

Journal of abnormal psychology·2021
Same journal

Satiety does not alter the ventral striatum's response to immediate reward in bulimia nervosa.

Journal of abnormal psychology·2021
Same journal

Network models of posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis.

Journal of abnormal psychology·2021
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

19.5K

Correction to Moore et al. (2020).

Tyler M Moore1, Antonia N Kaczkurkin2, E Leighton Durham2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|October 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study confirms that both bifactor and second-order models reliably measure psychopathology dimensions. However, bifactor models are better for understanding unique associations due to clearer interpretations of specific factors.

More Related Videos

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics
09:42

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Published on: November 7, 2011

15.6K
A Guide to In vivo Single-unit Recording from Optogenetically Identified Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons
10:32

A Guide to In vivo Single-unit Recording from Optogenetically Identified Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons

Published on: November 7, 2014

19.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
23:06

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Published on: August 11, 2008

19.5K
Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics
09:42

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Published on: November 7, 2011

15.6K
A Guide to In vivo Single-unit Recording from Optogenetically Identified Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons
10:32

A Guide to In vivo Single-unit Recording from Optogenetically Identified Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons

Published on: November 7, 2014

19.6K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychopathology Research
  • Quantitative Psychology

Background:

  • Psychopathology is often conceptualized as a hierarchy of correlated dimensions.
  • Alternative statistical models, bifactor and second-order, are used to represent these hierarchies, leading to different interpretations.
  • Concerns exist regarding the reliability of specific factors in bifactor models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability of specific factors in bifactor models of psychopathology.
  • To compare the construct reliability and replicability of factors across bifactor and second-order models.
  • To examine the associations of psychopathology dimensions with external variables using both models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized parent symptom ratings of 9-10 year olds from the ABCD Study.
  • Employed psychometric analyses to assess construct reliability and factor replicability.
  • Compared factor correlations and associations with external criterion variables across bifactor and second-order models.

Main Results:

  • All factors in both bifactor and second-order models demonstrated adequate construct reliability and replicability.
  • Factors showed moderate to high correlations across models but differed in interpretation.
  • While both models identified significant associations with external variables, second-order models presented ambiguous interpretations due to shared variance.

Conclusions:

  • Both bifactor and second-order models provide reliable measures of psychopathology dimensions.
  • Bifactor models are optimal for research investigating unique associations with external variables due to orthogonal factors.
  • Second-order models' interpretations are complicated by correlated factors, limiting clarity in understanding specific etiological or mechanistic pathways.