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Fast Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry using the optical chirp chain reference wave.

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    |October 1, 2020
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    A novel method enhances Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) speed using optical chirp chain (OCC) waves. This technique enables fast, distributed strain measurements in single-mode fibers with high accuracy and dynamic range.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber Optics Sensing
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) is crucial for structural health monitoring.
    • Existing BOTDR methods face limitations in measurement speed and real-time processing.
    • The need for faster, more accessible fiber optic sensing techniques is growing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and validate a new, fast implementation of BOTDR.
    • To demonstrate online demodulation of spontaneous Brillouin spectrum in the time domain.
    • To achieve truly distributed, one-end access, and rapid strain measurements.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing an optical chirp chain (OCC) reference wave.
    • Employing a fixed bandpass filter and envelope detection for signal demodulation.
    • Implementing time-domain analysis for spontaneous Brillouin spectrum.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of fast BOTDR implementation.
    • Measurement of a 31.58 Hz strain vibration on a 2 m segment of 400 m single-mode fiber.
    • Achieved a wide dynamic range of approximately 3200 µε with an equivalent sampling rate of 200 Hz and 200 averages.
    • Investigated measurement accuracy based on OCC frequency spans and durations.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed technique significantly enhances the speed of BOTDR measurements.
    • This method allows for distributed, real-time strain monitoring with a single-ended fiber access.
    • The approach offers a promising solution for applications requiring fast and accurate fiber optic sensing.