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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

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Physiological sex differences affect the integrative response to exercise: acute and chronic implications.

Paul Ansdell¹, Kevin Thomas¹, Kirsty M Hicks¹

¹Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Experimental Physiology

|October 1, 2020

Summary

Biological sex significantly influences physiological responses to exercise, impacting metabolic thresholds and fatigability. Understanding these sex differences is crucial for optimizing exercise prescriptions and long-term training adaptations for both males and females.

Keywords:

exercise fatigue sex training

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Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Human Performance
Sex Differences in Physiology

Background:

Anatomical and physiological differences between sexes influence human performance limits.
Studying sex as a biological variable is vital for advancing biosciences and enhancing human health.
Biological sex impacts acute and chronic responses to exercise, necessitating consideration in exercise prescription.

Purpose of the Study:

To review sex differences in physiological systems related to exercise performance, focusing on metabolic thresholds and fatigability.
To discuss the implications of these sex differences for long-term exercise adaptation.
To highlight the need for research diversity in physiological responses to exercise interventions.

Main Methods:

Collated evidence from recent physiological studies investigating sex as a biological variable.
Analyzed how physiological systems integrate to determine metabolic thresholds and fatigability.
Examined the influence of sex hormones on physiological responses to exercise.

Main Results:

Physiological responses to equivalent exercise dosages differ between males and females.
Integrative metabolic thresholds during exercise are influenced by sex differences across physiological systems.
Female skeletal muscle exhibits greater resistance to fatigue from high-intensity exercise.

Conclusions:

Biological sex must be accounted for when prescribing aerobic exercise for optimizing physiological function.
Differences in acute responses may affect long-term trainability, suggesting tailored exercise approaches.
Understanding sex-based physiological diversity can advance exercise science and optimize outcomes for all individuals.