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Sweet's syndrome and malignancy.

P R Cohen, R Kurzrock

    The American Journal of Medicine
    |June 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) can be an early sign of cancer. Prompt diagnosis and steroid treatment are crucial for managing this condition, even in patients with underlying malignancies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Oncology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, or Sweet's syndrome, presents with fever, neutrophilia, and painful skin plaques.
    • It affects the skin, particularly the upper extremities, head, and neck, with dense neutrophil infiltration in the dermis.
    • 10-15% of Sweet's syndrome cases are associated with cancer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review malignancy-associated Sweet's syndrome cases from world literature.
    • To compare Sweet's syndrome in cancer patients with the idiopathic form.
    • To highlight Sweet's syndrome as a potential presenting sign of malignancy.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of 39 patients with malignancy-associated Sweet's syndrome.
    • Comparison of clinical and pathological features between malignancy-associated and idiopathic Sweet's syndrome.

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    Main Results:

    • Acute myelogenous leukemia was the most common associated malignancy.
    • Other linked malignancies include myeloproliferative disorders, lymphoproliferative disorders, myelodysplastic syndrome, and carcinomas.
    • Sweet's syndrome diagnosis often preceded the detection of new or recurrent tumors.

    Conclusions:

    • Certain clinical features like anemia, abnormal platelets, immature cells, or severe skin lesions may indicate an underlying malignancy.
    • Extracutaneous manifestations, primarily musculoskeletal, can occur.
    • Systemic steroids are highly effective in treating Sweet's syndrome, irrespective of malignancy presence.