Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

4.6K
Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Health-related quality of life and tobacco and alcohol consumption in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy in Sweden.

Frontiers in ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Impact of peripheral optical errors in age-related macular degeneration.

Journal of optometry·2026
Same author

Optometrist-guided versus self-driven subjective refraction using tunable optics: quantifying the professional's impact.

Journal of optometry·2026
Same author

Asymmetry between nasal and temporal refraction with accommodation in myopes and emmetropes.

Biomedical optics express·2026
Same author

Exploring the do-it-yourself approach in subjective refraction.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Long-Term Natural History of Treatment-Naïve Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Translational vision science & technology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

441

Evaluation of the Performance of Algorithm-Based Methods for Subjective Refraction.

Abinaya Priya Venkataraman1, Delila Sirak1, Rune Brautaset1

  • 1Section of Eye and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Two new algorithms for subjective refraction measurement show similar accuracy to standard subjective refraction (SSR) but are significantly faster. These automated methods offer a quicker way to determine precise vision correction.

Keywords:
agreementalgorithmsubjective refraction

More Related Videos

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.4K
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

441
Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.4K
Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Accurate subjective refraction is crucial for optimal vision correction.
  • Traditional subjective refraction can be time-consuming and subjective.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of two semi-automated subjective refraction algorithms (SR1 and SR2) against standard subjective refraction (SSR).
  • To evaluate refraction values, visual acuity, and time efficiency of the algorithms.

Main Methods:

  • Standard subjective refraction (SSR) and two algorithm-based methods (SR1, SR2) were performed on 68 subjects using the Vision-R 800 phoropter.
  • Algorithms SR1 and SR2 continuously modified spherical and cylindrical components based on subject responses.
  • SR1 included an initial fogging step, differentiating it from SR2.

Main Results:

  • Refraction values from algorithms showed high agreement with SSR (spherical equivalent difference < 0.25 D, cylinder difference ≈ 0 D).
  • No significant differences in visual acuity were observed among the methods.
  • Algorithm-based methods (SR1, SR2) were significantly faster than SSR, with SR2 being approximately three times faster.

Conclusions:

  • Algorithm-based subjective refraction methods provide comparable accuracy to SSR for refraction values and visual acuity.
  • These automated algorithms offer a significant improvement in time efficiency for subjective refraction procedures.