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Related Concept Videos

Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

692
Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
692
Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console01:17

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console

435
A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
The specifications for the pre-amplifier were clear. It needed to amplify the audio signal by a factor of 10, have an input impedance above 10...
435
Cascaded Op Amps01:16

Cascaded Op Amps

938
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile electronic components that can be interconnected in a cascade - one after another in a linear sequence. This cascading is possible due to their infinite input resistance and zero output resistance, allowing them to maintain their input-output relationships even when connected in series.
In a cascaded system, each op-amp is referred to as a stage. The output of one stage drives the input of the subsequent stage. As the input signal passes through...
938
MOSFET Amplifiers01:17

MOSFET Amplifiers

365
The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
365
BJT Amplifiers01:14

BJT Amplifiers

826
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are pivotal components in amplifier circuits, functioning as voltage-controlled current sources in their active region. This characteristic allows them to efficiently control the collector current through variations in the base-emitter voltage. Essentially, BJTs amplify power due to their ability to take a weak input signal and output a much stronger signal.
In BJT amplifier configurations, particularly in common-emitter setups, the transistor's role...
826
The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem01:20

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

996
Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.
996

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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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A Power Amplifier with Large High-Efficiency Range for 5G Communication.

Zhiwei Zhang1, Zhiqun Cheng1, Guohua Liu1

  • 1School of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel Doherty power amplifier (DPA) design for 5G, achieving high efficiency over a wide operating range by analyzing drain-to-source capacitance (Cds). The validated DPA design offers superior performance for 5G applications.

Keywords:
5G communicationDoherty power amplifierdrain-to-source capacitancelarge efficiency range

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Radio Frequency (RF) Engineering
  • Semiconductor Device Physics

Background:

  • Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) are crucial for efficient power amplification in wireless communication systems.
  • Achieving a wide efficiency range in DPAs, especially for 5G applications, remains a significant design challenge.
  • Existing DPA designs often struggle to maintain high efficiency across varying output power levels.

Discussion:

  • This paper proposes a new design methodology for Doherty power amplifiers (DPAs) focused on extending the high-efficiency range.
  • The method involves a detailed analysis of drain-to-source capacitance (CDS) and optimizing the peak device impedance.
  • A closed-form design process is presented, enabling the creation of DPAs with an extended efficiency range based on theoretical derivations.

Key Insights:

  • A Doherty power amplifier (DPA) was designed and fabricated using two identical devices, demonstrating a large efficiency range.
  • Measured results confirm a saturated output power between 43.4 dBm and 43.7 dBm within the target frequency band.
  • The fabricated DPA achieved approximately 70% saturated drain efficiency with over 11 dB gain.
  • Importantly, the DPA maintained over 50% drain efficiency at a 10 dB power back-off operating at 3.5 GHz.

Outlook:

  • The demonstrated performance indicates the suitability of this DPA design for 5G communication systems.
  • Further research could explore the application of this design methodology to other frequency bands or advanced DPA architectures.
  • Optimization of CDS and impedance matching can lead to even more efficient and robust power amplifiers for future wireless technologies.