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The Einstein Telescope (ET), a next-generation gravitational-wave observatory, requires careful site selection. This study outlines criteria and methods for evaluating potential locations to maximize ET's scientific potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Gravitational-Wave Physics
  • Experimental Physics

Background:

  • The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a planned underground gravitational-wave detector.
  • It aims for a tenfold increase in sensitivity and lower frequency observations (3 Hz) compared to current detectors.
  • Site selection is a critical early decision involving multiple complex factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the site-selection criteria for the Einstein Telescope.
  • To introduce a method for assessing the impact of environmental noise on ET's sensitivity.
  • To outline the essential components of a site-characterization campaign.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of scientific, financial, political, and socio-economic criteria for site evaluation.
  • Development of a formalism to quantify the influence of environmental noise on detector sensitivity.
  • Definition of key elements for a comprehensive site-characterization process.

Main Results:

  • A structured framework for evaluating potential ET sites is presented.
  • A quantitative method is proposed to assess environmental noise impacts.
  • Essential parameters for site characterization campaigns are identified.

Conclusions:

  • In-depth site characterization is crucial for the success of the Einstein Telescope.
  • The proposed formalism and criteria will guide the selection of an optimal site.
  • This work supports the strategic planning for next-generation gravitational-wave astronomy.