Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 7, 2025
07:17
Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
Published on: August 1, 2017
13.0K
Dual-polarization single-chord plasma interferometry in stellarators/torsatrons.
1Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC KIPT, Kharkiv 61108, Ukraine.
The Review of Scientific Instruments
|October 2, 2020
Summary
Extraordinary waves in plasma diagnostics offer insights into plasma density and magnetic fields. This study optimizes dual-polarization interferometers for stellarators/torsatrons, enhancing plasma density measurements.
Area of Science:
- Plasma Physics
- Fusion Energy
- Wave Propagation
Background:
- Ordinary wave interferometry is standard for plasma diagnostics in fusion devices.
- Extraordinary waves provide data on plasma density and magnetic fields, crucial for stellarators/torsatrons.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize dual-polarization interferometers for stellarator/torsatron plasma density measurements.
- To enhance the interpretation of experimental results using numerical simulations.
Main Methods:
- Utilized dual-polarization interferometers on Uragan-3M and Uragan-2M torsatrons.
- Performed numerical simulations of probing wave propagation in magnetic fields.
- Obtained transmitting-to-receiving horn scattering matrix for various plasma parameters.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated that extraordinary wave phase shifts depend on plasma density and magnetic field.
- Identified limitations of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation for accurate measurements.
- Developed an optimized interferometer layout for stellarator/torsatron plasma density profiling.
Conclusions:
- Optimized dual-polarization interferometry enhances plasma density measurements in stellarators/torsatrons.
- Proposed upgrades to Uragan-2M interferometers will yield temporal plasma density evolution data.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview
1.5K
In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
1.5K
01:19Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle
1.3K
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
1.3K
01:31Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor
5.6K
The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
5.6K
01:28Induced Electric Dipoles
4.6K
A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
4.6K
01:26Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation
504
Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
504
01:19Mass Analyzers: Common Types
1.2K
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
1.2K