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Characterizing three shallow-water locations off Goa, India, using passive acoustic data.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine acoustics
  • Estuarine ecology
  • Bioacoustics

Background:

  • Shallow-water acoustic environments are complex, influenced by biological, geological, and anthropogenic sound sources.
  • Understanding these soundscapes is crucial for marine ecosystem health assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively characterize shallow-water acoustic environments in Goa's estuarine systems.
  • To identify and analyze fish sounds and their spectral characteristics.
  • To differentiate contributions of biophony, geophony, and anthrophony to the soundscape.

Main Methods:

  • Passive acoustic monitoring using waveform and peak power spectral densities (PSDs).
  • Identification of fish species (Colletteichthys dussumieri, Terapon threaps) and their vocalizations.
  • Cluster analysis to differentiate sound sources (biophony, geophony, anthrophony).

Main Results:

  • Specific spectral levels and frequencies were recorded for toadfish (Batrachoididae) in the Mandovi estuary and Tiger Perch (Terapontidae) in the Zuari and Sal estuaries.
  • Root-mean-square sound pressure level (SPLrms) was found to be influenced by water flow, temperature, and wind, varying across estuaries.
  • Cluster analysis successfully characterized the contributions of different soundscape components.

Conclusions:

  • Passive acoustics provide valuable insights into estuarine soundscape composition and environmental influences.
  • Fish vocalizations and environmental factors significantly shape shallow-water acoustic environments.
  • This research contributes to baseline acoustic data for Goa's estuarine systems.