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[PARP inhibitors in breast cancer: Current clinical development and perspectives]

Julie Robbe1, Jessica Moretta2, Cécile Vicier3

  • 1Institut Paoli-Calmettes, département d'oncologie médicale, 232, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, BP 156, 13273 Marseille cedex 9, France.

Bulletin Du Cancer
|October 2, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Germline BRCA1/2 mutations in breast cancer increase genomic instability, enhancing sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. This review covers DNA repair, PARP inhibitor trials, resistance mechanisms, and BRCAness for broader applications.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes are linked to hereditary breast cancer.
  • These mutations confer genomic instability, suggesting a role in treatment sensitivity.
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a targeted therapy approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review DNA repair pathways relevant to PARP inhibitor efficacy.
  • To summarize clinical trials of PARP inhibitors in breast cancer.
  • To discuss resistance mechanisms and the concept of BRCAness.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of DNA repair mechanisms.
  • Analysis of published clinical trial data for PARP inhibitors.
  • Exploration of genetic screening and theranostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • PARP inhibitors exploit DNA repair deficiencies, particularly in BRCA-mutated cancers.
  • Clinical trials show efficacy of PARP inhibitors in early and advanced breast cancer.
  • Mechanisms of resistance and the concept of BRCAness are crucial for treatment expansion.

Conclusions:

  • PARP inhibitors are a valuable therapeutic option for BRCA-mutated breast cancer.
  • Understanding resistance and BRCAness may extend PARP inhibitor utility to BRCA-wild type patients.
  • Theranostic genetic screening is advancing to guide PARP inhibitor selection.
Keywords:
BRCABreast cancerCancer du seinInhibiteurs de PARPPARP inhibitorsPoly(ADP)-ribose polymerasePoly(ADP)-ribose polymérase

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