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Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
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Operationalizing occupational fatigue in pharmacists: An exploratory factor analysis.

Taylor L Watterson1, Kevin A Look1, Linsey Steege2

  • 1Social & Administrative Sciences Division at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, USA.

Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy : RSAP
|October 2, 2020
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Summary

Pharmacist occupational fatigue, encompassing physical and mental domains, was identified using exploratory factor analysis. This research is crucial for improving patient safety and healthcare system performance.

Keywords:
Factor analysisFatiguePharmacistSurvey

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare worker well-being
  • Occupational health psychology
  • Pharmacy practice research

Background:

  • The Quadruple Aim emphasizes healthcare employee well-being for optimal patient outcomes and system performance.
  • Previous research has focused on pharmacist workload, but not specifically on occupational fatigue.
  • Occupational fatigue, a state of excessive workload, impairs worker function and is understudied in pharmacists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe occupational fatigue in pharmacists.
  • To assess if existing occupational fatigue models from other health professions are applicable to pharmacists.
  • To utilize exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to understand pharmacist perceptions of fatigue.

Main Methods:

  • A conceptual model was developed with two fatigue domains: physical and mental.
  • These domains were operationalized into a survey distributed to licensed pharmacists at a conference.
  • Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the survey data to identify underlying fatigue dimensions.

Main Results:

  • 115 usable surveys were returned from 283 distributed.
  • Respondents were predominantly white, female, and worked an average of 9.5 hours daily.
  • A statistically significant two-factor model emerged, confirming physical and mental fatigue dimensions (physical fatigue α=0.87, mental fatigue α=0.82).

Conclusions:

  • The EFA results aligned with the hypothesized two-factor structure of fatigue.
  • Pharmacists may be unaware of fatigue-induced errors, potentially compromising patient safety.
  • This study is a foundational step toward developing interventions to mitigate pharmacist fatigue and improve outcomes for patients, pharmacists, and institutions.