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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

72.7K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding
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Assessment of Immunologically Relevant Dynamic Tertiary Structural Features of the HIV-1 V3 Loop Crown R2 Sequence by ab initio Folding

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Different tertiary interactions create the same important 3D features in a distinct flavivirus xrRNA.

Rachel A Jones1, Anna-Lena Steckelberg1, Quentin Vicens1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|October 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Subgenomic flavivirus RNAs (sfRNAs) are key viral elements that resist host cell degradation. Researchers discovered a novel xrRNA structure in Tamana bat virus, revealing diverse folding mechanisms in flaviviruses.

Keywords:
RNA structureX-ray crystallographyexoribonuclease resistancesubgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA)

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Structural Biology
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Flaviviruses (FVs) produce noncoding subgenomic flavivirus RNAs (sfRNAs) during infection.
  • These sfRNAs are structured RNA elements in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) that block host exoribonucleases, acting as exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs (xrRNAs).
  • Previously characterized xrRNAs from mosquito-borne FVs exhibit a conserved 3D fold with a protective ring-like structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and structure of xrRNAs in divergent flaviviruses, specifically the Tamana bat virus (TABV).
  • To understand how sequence and interaction diversity contribute to the conserved xrRNA architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Demonstration of an authentic xrRNA in the 3' UTR of TABV.
  • X-ray crystallography to determine the 3D structure of the TABV xrRNA.

Main Results:

  • The TABV xrRNA shares conserved features with known xrRNAs but utilizes novel tertiary interactions.
  • Key structural elements include A-C interactions, backbone kinks, ordered Mg2+ ions, and a C+–G–C base triple.
  • This demonstrates that similar overall RNA architectures can arise from distinct sequences and interactions in distantly related flaviviruses.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals the structural diversity of xrRNAs within the flavivirus family.
  • Findings provide insights into RNA folding flexibility and inform the search for novel xrRNAs in other viruses.