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Overweight is risking fate. Definition, classification, prevalence, and risks.

G A Bray

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Obesity, defined by a body mass index (BMI) over 30, is prevalent globally. Increased body weight significantly elevates mortality risk and strains multiple body systems.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Obesity is a growing global health concern with significant associated risks.
    • Quantifying body fat is crucial for understanding health implications.
    • Established metrics like Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) aid in assessment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To define obesity and examine its prevalence across English-speaking nations.
    • To investigate the relationship between body weight and mortality risk.
    • To highlight the physiological demands placed on the body by excess weight.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared, to define overweight (25-30 kg/m2) and obesity (>30 kg/m2).
    • Analyzed prevalence data for overweight and obesity in Australia, Great Britain, and the United States.
    • Examined the correlation between increased body weight and mortality rates, considering gender differences.

    Main Results:

    • Overweight prevalence is similar in Australia, Great Britain, and the US (24% women, 31-34% men).
    • Obesity prevalence is highest in the United States (12%) compared to Australia and Great Britain (6-8%).
    • A U-shaped relationship exists between weight and mortality; a 20% increase above average weight raises mortality by 20% (men) and 10% (women).

    Conclusions:

    • Obesity and overweight conditions are significant public health issues with varying prevalence across countries.
    • Excess body weight is linked to increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, digestive issues, and cancer.
    • Overweight individuals experience heightened physiological stress on their cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and digestive systems.

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