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Effect of Gender on the Outcomes of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi

Mohammed S Alharbi1, Bander K Alanazi2, Ibrahim A Alquhays3

  • 1Medicine, Qassim University, Buraiydah, SAU.

Cureus
|October 2, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Female patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) experienced poorer outcomes, including higher rates of heart failure, despite advances in treatment. This study highlights gender-based disparities in STEMI patient care and outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a critical cardiovascular event.
  • Understanding gender-specific outcomes in STEMI is crucial for improving patient care.
  • Previous research suggests potential differences in STEMI presentation and outcomes between genders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of gender on outcomes among ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.
  • To compare baseline characteristics, comorbidities, treatment, complications, and mortality between male and female STEMI patients.
  • To identify gender-based disparities in STEMI management and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 900 STEMI patients (770 males, 130 females) admitted between January 2016 and December 2018.
  • Data collection included baseline characteristics, comorbidities, treatment, complications, and mortality.
  • Statistical comparison of outcomes between female and male STEMI patients.

Main Results:

  • Female STEMI patients had significantly higher mean BMI and age (p = 0.0001).
  • A statistically significant higher incidence of heart failure was observed in females compared to males (p = 0.0010).
  • While mortality was higher in females, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.3850).

Conclusions:

  • Females with STEMI are associated with poorer outcomes, including increased heart failure, mitral regurgitation, and arrhythmias, even after adjusting for baseline characteristics.
  • Despite technological advancements and reperfusion therapies, gender disparities persist in STEMI patient outcomes.
  • Further research and targeted interventions are needed to address gender-specific challenges in STEMI management.

Keywords:
complicationsmyocardial reperfusionst elevation myocardial infarction

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