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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
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Organizing the voice questionnaire for transgender persons.

Charlotte Bultynck1, Charlotte Pas2, Justine Defreyne3

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium.

International Journal of Transgender Health
|October 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Transsexual Voice Questionnaire Male to Female (TVQMtF) and Female to Male (TVQFtM) can be organized into three factors: anxiety/avoidance, vocal identity, and vocal function. This may lead to shorter versions for quicker voice problem assessment in transgender individuals undergoing hormone therapy.

Keywords:
ENIGIquestionnaireself-perceptiontransgendervoice

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Endocrinology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Transgender individuals undergoing cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) utilize voice questionnaires for self-perception evaluation.
  • The Transsexual Voice Questionnaire Male to Female (TVQMtF) and Female to Male (TVQFtM) are 30-item instruments used in CSHT follow-up.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the organizational structure of the TVQMtF and TVQFtM questionnaires.
  • To determine if factor analysis can reveal underlying dimensions within these voice self-perception tools.

Main Methods:

  • Factor analysis was applied to data from 145 trans women and 83 trans men who completed the TVQMtF or TVQFtM at the start of CSHT.
  • The analysis aimed to identify latent factors within the questionnaire responses.

Main Results:

  • Factor analyses revealed a consistent three-factor structure for both the TVQMtF and TVQFtM.
  • The identified factors were labeled as anxiety and avoidance, vocal identity, and vocal function.

Conclusions:

  • Both the TVQMtF and TVQFtM questionnaires can be organized into three distinct factors.
  • This structural understanding may facilitate the development of shorter questionnaire versions for efficient clinical use.
  • Shorter versions could aid physicians in rapidly identifying voice issues in transgender patients undergoing hormone treatment.