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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Measuring Endoreduplication by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Tuber Protoplasts

Measuring Endoreduplication by Flow Cytometry of Isolated Tuber Protoplasts

Published on: March 9, 2018

Dynamics of endoreduplication in developing barley seeds.

Anna Nowicka^1,2, Martin Kovacik¹, Barbara Tokarz³

¹Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Journal of Experimental Botany

|October 2, 2020

Summary

Barley seed development involves cell cycle control, endoreduplication in the endosperm and maternal tissues, and programmed cell death. Natural variation exists in these developmental processes.

Keywords:

Hordeum vulgare Cell cycle cell death embryo endoreduplication endosperm seed development super cycle value

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Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds

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Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

Obtaining High-Quality Transcriptome Data from Cereal Seeds by a Modified Method for Gene Expression Profiling

Published on: May 21, 2020

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Developmental Biology
Genetics

Background:

Seeds are complex structures with distinct tissues: embryo, endosperm, and maternal tissues.
Cereal grains, like barley, are primarily endosperm, providing nourishment and protection to the embryo.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate dynamic changes in DNA content within barley seed tissues from pollination to maturity.
To understand the regulation of the cell cycle and endoreduplication during seed development.

Main Methods:

Analysis of DNA content in embryo, endosperm, and maternal tissues throughout barley seed development.
Comparison of developmental kinetics across different barley cultivars.

Main Results:

Cell cycle progression is tightly regulated, with initial cell division followed by endoreduplication in endosperm and maternal tissues.
Natural variation in endoreduplication kinetics was observed among barley cultivars.
Selective loss of endoreduplicated nuclei, genome instability, and programmed cell death occur in the endosperm during late development.

Conclusions:

Endopolyploidization and cell death are interconnected processes crucial for barley grain development.
These findings provide insights into the genetic and developmental regulation of seed formation.