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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using PolyI:C to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
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Genome-wide postnatal changes in immunity following fetal inflammatory response.

Daniel Costa1,2, Núria Bonet3, Amanda Solé2,4,5

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hospital de Figueres, Spain.

The FEBS Journal
|October 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Fetal inflammatory response (FIR) in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) is linked to postnatal inflammation and brain injury. Molecular analysis reveals robust innate immune activation and impaired adaptive immunity in affected ELGANs.

Keywords:
fetal inflammatory responsepostnatal immunitypreterm birthproteomicstranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Perinatal medicine
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Fetal inflammatory response (FIR) elevates the risk of perinatal brain injury in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs).
  • Postnatal intermittent or sustained systemic inflammation (ISSI) following FIR is a key mechanism contributing to this risk.
  • While inflammatory biomarkers link prenatal and postnatal inflammation, the underlying molecular changes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular alterations associated with fetal inflammatory response (FIR) in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs).
  • To identify gene and protein expression changes linking FIR to postnatal inflammation and brain injury.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry proteomics were used to profile transcriptome and proteome.
  • Archived neonatal dried blood spot (DBS) specimens from 21 ELGANs were analyzed.
  • Comparison between FIR-affected and unaffected ELGANs was performed.

Main Results:

  • 782 gene and 27 protein expression changes (≥50% magnitude, <5% FDR) were identified between FIR-affected and unaffected ELGANs.
  • Confirmed robust postnatal innate immune system activation in FIR-affected ELGANs.
  • Revealed, for the first time, an impairment of adaptive immunity in FIR-affected ELGANs.

Conclusions:

  • Identified molecular pathways provide insights into mechanisms triggering ISSI after FIR.
  • Findings offer clues to the molecular basis of perinatal brain injury onset in ELGANs.
  • The study highlights significant immune dysregulation following fetal inflammation in vulnerable newborns.