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Intravenous peramivir vs oral oseltamivir in high-risk emergency department patients with influenza: Results from a

Yu-Hsiang Hsieh1, Andrea F Dugas1, Frank LoVecchio2

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
|October 2, 2020
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Single-dose intravenous peramivir demonstrated comparable clinical outcomes to oral oseltamivir for high-risk influenza patients in the emergency department. This suggests peramivir is a viable alternative treatment option for influenza.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Influenza treatment traditionally involves 5-day oral oseltamivir.
  • Peramivir offers a single-dose intravenous (IV) alternative for influenza management.
  • This study evaluated peramivir versus oseltamivir in high-risk emergency department patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical outcomes in emergency department patients with influenza receiving IV peramivir versus oral oseltamivir.
  • To assess the efficacy and safety of single-dose IV peramivir against a standard oral antiviral regimen.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized trial in two US emergency departments during 2015-17 influenza seasons.
  • Adult patients with confirmed influenza were randomized to peramivir or oseltamivir.
  • Clinical outcomes measured using FLU-PRO, Ordinal Scale, Patient Global Impression, and Karnofsky Performance Scale over 14 days.

Main Results:

  • 179 patients enrolled (95 peramivir, 84 oseltamivir) with similar baseline characteristics.
  • Both groups showed significant improvement in FLU-PRO scores over 14 days, with non-inferiority demonstrated for peramivir.
  • Influenza-related complications, including pneumonia, were similar between the peramivir and oseltamivir groups.

Conclusions:

  • Single-dose IV peramivir achieved comparable clinical outcomes to oral oseltamivir in high-risk influenza patients.
  • Peramivir presents a potentially useful alternative for influenza treatment in the emergency department setting.
Keywords:
emergency departmentinfluenzaoseltamivirperamivir

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