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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
Published on: May 6, 2019
Senescent Tumor CD8+ T Cells: Mechanisms of Induction and Challenges to Immunotherapy
Wei Liu1, Paweł Stachura1, Haifeng C Xu1
1Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Abstract:
The inability of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes to eradicate tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major obstacle to successful immunotherapeutic treatments. Understanding the immunosuppressive mechanisms within the TME is paramount to overcoming these obstacles. T cell senescence is a critical dysfunctional state present in the TME that differs from T cell exhaustion currently targeted by many immunotherapies. This review focuses on the physiological, molecular, metabolic and cellular processes that drive CD8+ T cell senescence. Evidence showing that senescent T cells hinder immunotherapies is discussed, as are therapeutic options to reverse T cell senescence.
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