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Katherina Kinzel1

  • 1Universität Wien, Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring 1, A-1010 Wien.

Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte
|October 3, 2020
PubMed
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Contemporary historical epistemology critiques causal explanations, but this analysis argues such critiques lead to internalist views and neglect the political dimensions of science. Sociological approaches offer a more nuanced understanding of scientific knowledge.

Area of Science:

  • History of Science
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Sociology of Scientific Knowledge

Context:

  • Contemporary historical epistemology seeks to distinguish itself from sociology of scientific knowledge.
  • This demarcation often involves criticism of causal explanations in the history of science.
  • Key works analyzed include Daston & Galison's "Objectivity" and Rheinberger's "Toward a History of Epistemic Things."

Purpose:

  • To analyze the critiques of causal and sociological explanations within historical epistemology.
  • To defend sociological approaches in the history of science against these critiques.
  • To examine the problematic consequences of historical epistemology's own models of explanation and narration.

Summary:

  • The article critiques historical epistemology's rejection of causal explanations, arguing it leads to reductionism and internalist perspectives.
Keywords:
HistoriographieInternalismus und ExternalismusMakro- und MikrogeschichteReduktionismusWissenschaftssoziologiecausal explanationhistorical epistemologyhistoriographyhistorische Epistemologieinternalism and externalismkausale Erklärungmacro- and microhistoryreductionismsociology of scientific knowledge

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  • It demonstrates how this approach fails to bridge macro- and microhistorical levels of analysis.
  • Rheinberger's work, in particular, is shown to neglect the political dimensions of scientific research by deconstructing subject-object dichotomies.

    • Impact:

    • Challenges the prevailing methods of contemporary historical epistemology.
    • Advocates for the continued relevance and utility of sociological analyses in understanding scientific history.
    • Highlights the need to incorporate political and broader contextual factors into the study of scientific knowledge.