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Rational Mechanics in the Eighteenth Century. On Structural Developments of a Mathematical Science.

Helmut Pulte

    Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte
    |October 3, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Rational mechanics in the eighteenth century was viewed as a mathematical science, not merely a tool for empirical representation. Its understanding evolved, reflecting a shift in the concept of science itself.

    Keywords:
    18. JahrhundertLagrangeNewtoneighteenth centurymathematical sciencemathematische Wissenschaftrational mechanicsrationale Mechanik

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    Area of Science:

    • History and Philosophy of Science
    • Mathematical Physics
    • Eighteenth-Century Science

    Background:

    • The role of mathematics in 18th-century science and philosophy of science is significant.
    • Previous analyses often used anachronistic viewpoints, projecting modern understandings of mathematics and science onto the past.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a structural account of rational mechanics' development from Newton to Lagrange.
    • To correct anachronistic interpretations in the philosophy of science regarding 18th-century mathematics.
    • To highlight the 'mathematical nature of nature' central to mechanical philosophy.

    Main Methods:

    • Historical analysis of rational mechanics.
    • Structural account of scientific development.
    • Philosophical analysis of scientific concepts and methods.

    Main Results:

    • Rational mechanics was primarily understood as a mathematical science in the 18th century.
    • The understanding of nature's mathematical character evolved significantly during this period.
    • Modern interpretations often miss the core concept of the 'mathematical nature of nature'.

    Conclusions:

    • A more accurate historical and philosophical analysis is needed for 18th-century science.
    • The study offers insights into the fundamental changes in the concept of science during this era.
    • Understanding rational mechanics as a mathematical science is key to appreciating its historical development.