Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission01:27

Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

4.9K
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (except those supplying the sweat glands) releasing noradrenaline or norepinephrine are called noradrenergic or adrenergic neurons. Noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, or epinephrine are collectively called "catecholamines" as they contain a catechol moiety and an amine side chain. The five stages of neurotransmitter release involve their synthesis, storage, release, reuptake and metabolism.
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which...
4.9K
Sympathetic Signaling01:31

Sympathetic Signaling

1.9K
Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
1.9K
The Sympathetic Nervous System01:25

The Sympathetic Nervous System

101.8K
Overview
101.8K
Sympathetic Activation01:16

Sympathetic Activation

6.3K
The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
6.3K
Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents

2.4K
Drugs that mimic the action of endogenous catecholamines like noradrenaline and adrenaline are called adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics. Based on their mechanism of action, sympathomimetics can be classified as direct-, indirect-, or mixed-acting sympathomimetics. Direct-acting adrenergic agonists activate adrenoceptors without affecting presynaptic neurons, making them independent of neuronal catecholamine-depleting agents like reserpine and guanethidine.
These agents can be classified...
2.4K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

1.4K
Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Very slow atrioventricular nodal reentry masquerading as junctional rhythm: Diagnostic challenges and mechanistic insights.

Heart rhythm·2025
Same author

Effect of Smartphone-Based Messaging on Interns and Nurses at an Academic Medical Center: Observational Study.

JMIR medical informatics·2025
Same author

Isolated Abducens Nerve Palsy: A Rare Manifestation of Recurrent Extramedullary Myeloma.

Journal of radiology case reports·2024
Same author

Reversal of cognitive, behavioral, and language impairments after the left frontal arachnoid cyst fenestration in a pediatric patient.

Surgical neurology international·2021
Same author

Psychiatric Disorders and Cannabinoid Receptors.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2020
Same author

Drive-through testing for SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic health and social care workers and household members: an observational cohort study.

Thorax·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice
09:35

Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice

Published on: January 20, 2015

9.1K

Sex and the noradrenergic system.

Neal Joshi1, Daniel Chandler1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The locus coeruleus-noradrenergic (LC-NE) system shows sex-based differences in structure and response. These disparities may explain why diseases affect men and women differently.

Keywords:
Animal modelsLocus coeruleusMood disordersNorepinephrineSex differences

More Related Videos

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways
10:44

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways

Published on: December 9, 2013

12.2K
Author Spotlight: Examining Volatile Sex Pheromone Influence on Male C. elegans Behavior
06:49

Author Spotlight: Examining Volatile Sex Pheromone Influence on Male C. elegans Behavior

Published on: August 9, 2024

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice
09:35

Environmental Modulations of the Number of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in Adult Mice

Published on: January 20, 2015

9.1K
Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways
10:44

Sex Stratified Neuronal Cultures to Study Ischemic Cell Death Pathways

Published on: December 9, 2013

12.2K
Author Spotlight: Examining Volatile Sex Pheromone Influence on Male C. elegans Behavior
06:49

Author Spotlight: Examining Volatile Sex Pheromone Influence on Male C. elegans Behavior

Published on: August 9, 2024

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • The central noradrenergic system, primarily the locus coeruleus (LC), releases norepinephrine (NE).
  • NE influences critical functions like attention, memory, mood, and arousal via G protein-coupled receptors.
  • The LC-NE system is implicated in mood, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the primary morphological and anatomical differences between male and female LC.
  • To explore how these sex-based disparities in the LC-NE system may relate to differential disease prevalence and diagnosis in men and women.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical observations detailing sex differences in the LC-NE system.
  • Analysis of the LC-NE system's response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in a sex-specific manner.

Main Results:

  • The LC-NE system exhibits notable sexual dimorphism in morphology and anatomy.
  • Differences exist in how male and female LC respond to CRH, a key stress mediator.

Conclusions:

  • Sex-based differences in the LC-NE system are evident.
  • These dimorphisms may contribute to the differential prevalence and diagnosis of various diseases between sexes.