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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

351
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

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Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

410
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid01:22

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

353
Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Paranoid personality disorder is...
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Binge Eating Disorders01:23

Binge Eating Disorders

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Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.

Gabriella Francesca Mattina1, Anastasiya Slyepchenko2, Meir Steiner3

  • 1Women's Health Concerns Clinic Research Unit, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex differences significantly impact obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs). Understanding these variations in prevalence, symptoms, and treatment is crucial for tailored patient care and further research.

Keywords:
Body dysmorphic disorderClinical presentationEtiologyExcoriation disorderHair-pullingHoarding disorderObsessive–compulsive disorderSex differencesSkin-pickingTrichotillomania

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) present with preoccupations and repetitive behaviors.
  • These disorders cause significant impairment and share commonalities in clinical course, risk factors, and treatment response.
  • Existing literature highlights the importance of sex as a factor in understanding OCRDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on sex differences across various OCRDs.
  • To examine how sex influences prevalence, symptomatology, illness course, prognosis, comorbidity, risk factors, and treatment outcomes.
  • To identify gaps in the literature regarding sex differences in OCRDs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review focusing on sex differences in OCRDs.
  • Analysis of data pertaining to prevalence, clinical presentation, and treatment response.
  • Synthesis of findings related to causal factors and prognosis.

Main Results:

  • Sex differences are evident in the clinical presentation of OCRDs.
  • Variations exist in prevalence, symptomatology, illness course, and treatment outcomes between sexes.
  • Specific OCRDs reviewed include OCD, BDD, hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, and excoriation disorder.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing sex-specific phenotypes is essential for accurate screening and tailored treatment of males and females with OCRDs.
  • Further research is needed to address identified gaps in understanding sex differences.
  • Integrating sex as a variable can improve clinical care and research in OCRDs.