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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

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Development and Validation Clinician and Patient Reported Photonumeric Scales to Assess Buttocks Cellulite Severity.

Joel L Cohen1,2, Neil S Sadick3, M Todd Kirby4

  • 1AboutSkin Dermatology and DermSurgery, PC, Greenwood Village, Colorado.

Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [Et Al.]
|October 3, 2020
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Summary

The Clinician Reported Photonumeric Cellulite Severity Scale (CR-PCSS) and Patient Reported PCSS (PR-PCSS) reliably assess cellulite. These scales effectively detect meaningful changes in cellulite severity after treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Aesthetics
  • Clinical Assessment Tools

Background:

  • Cellulite severity assessment tools are crucial for evaluating treatment efficacy.
  • The Clinician Reported Photonumeric Cellulite Severity Scale (CR-PCSS) and Patient Reported PCSS (PR-PCSS) are novel instruments designed for this purpose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the CR-PCSS and PR-PCSS in adult women.
  • To determine the ability of these scales to detect clinically meaningful changes in cellulite severity on the buttocks.

Main Methods:

  • Content validity was established through concept elicitation and cognitive interviews.
  • Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test-retest, intra-rater, and inter-rater agreement.
  • Responsiveness was measured against the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS).

Main Results:

  • The CR-PCSS demonstrated high inter-rater (ICC ≥0.70) and intra-rater (ICC ≥0.81) reliability.
  • The PR-PCSS showed excellent test-retest reliability (ICC ≥0.86).
  • A 1.0-point change on both scales was identified as clinically meaningful.

Conclusions:

  • The CR-PCSS and PR-PCSS are reliable tools for assessing cellulite severity.
  • These scales are capable of detecting clinically significant improvements in cellulite following treatment.