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Optic nerve sheath meningioma.

Vivian Paraskevi Douglas1, Konstantinos A A Douglas, Dean M Cestari

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Summary
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Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) are rare tumors causing gradual vision loss. Early diagnosis and management of these orbital tumors are crucial for preserving vision.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) are uncommon benign tumors affecting the anterior visual pathway.
  • They account for about 2% of orbital tumors and typically present with slow, painless vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview and update on optic nerve sheath meningiomas.
  • The review covers etiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management in both adult and pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on optic nerve sheath meningiomas.
  • Synthesis of information regarding diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • ONSM presentation and prognosis vary based on tumor location and histology.
  • Diagnosis relies on clinical findings, examination, and neuroimaging, though delays are common.
  • Recent advancements offer more effective and less invasive treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • ONSMs are a rare cause of progressive visual impairment.
  • Timely diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for optimal visual outcomes.
  • Ongoing efforts focus on refining diagnostic and treatment methods for ONSMs.