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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Published on: March 3, 2023
Unresolved issues in the identification and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative organisms
Abigail K Kois1, David P Nicolau, Joseph L Kuti
1Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
Purpose Of Review:
Carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs), including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacterales, are a threat worldwide. This review will cover mechanisms of resistance within CROs and challenges with identification and treatment of these organisms while pointing out unresolved issues and ongoing challenges.
Recent Findings:
The treatment of CROs has expanded through newer therapeutic options. Guided utilization through genotypic and phenotypic testing is necessary in order for these drugs to target the appropriate mechanisms of resistance and select optimal antibiotic therapy.
Summary:
Identification methods and treatment options need to be precisely understood in order to limit the spread and maximize outcomes of CRO infections.
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