Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Understanding Retinal Vessel Resilience and Disease Progression
Published on: January 12, 2024
The relative risk of developing type 2 diabetes among individuals with prediabetes compared with individuals with
Xin Yi Xu1,2, Angela Yee Man Leung1,2, Robert Smith1
1School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Aims:
To assess the overall relative risk of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes based on updated diagnostic criteria, as compared with individuals with normoglycaemia; and to identify the study characteristics associated with the heterogeneity between studies.
Design:
Meta-analysis, meta-regression.
Data Sources:
PubMed, CINAHL, British Nursing Index. Search time frame: December 1998-December 2018.
Review Methods:
The pooled relative risk of developing diabetes among individuals with prediabetes compared with those with normoglycaemia was calculated under a random effects model. Studies reported the natural progression from prediabetes to diabetes were included in this review. Sources of study heterogeneity were examined by a meta-regression.
Results:
Fifty-nine eligible studies were systematically identified. The pooled relative risk for diabetes among individuals with prediabetes as compared with normoglycaemia was 5.88 (95% CI: 5.02-6.89). The annualized incidence rate (per 1,000 person-year) for diabetes among individuals with prediabetes defined by different criteria varied from 2.20-212.15, with high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 96.64%, Q test: p < .001). In the multivariable meta-regression analysis, Asian population significantly increased RR compare to Caucasians. Besides, people with 'elevated glycated haemoglobin A1c or impaired fasting glucose' had highest relative risk compare to people with other types of prediabetes.
Conclusion:
Individuals with prediabetes had higher risk of developing diabetes than those with normoglycaemia. Races and diagnostic criteria of prediabetes were associated with the magnitude of the estimated risk.
Impact:
Prediabetes is a precursor of diabetes. To screen people with prediabetes as early as possible, practitioners could consider haemoglobin A1c test as an alternative to fasting plasma glucose test. Nurses should educate people especially Asians with prediabetes for the prevention of progression to diabetes.
More Related Videos
08:13Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
Published on: January 7, 2018
07:22Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
Published on: March 7, 2025
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...