The relationships between the myocardial bridge and ramus interventricularis paraconalis characteristics in lamb and
Nurhayat Gulmez1, Huseyin Sah1
1Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Abstract:
The myocardial bridge (MB) is an anomaly that the myocardial fibres cover on a segment of the subepicardial coronary arteries or their branches in domestic animals and humans. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationships between the characteristics of the MB and ramus interventricularis paraconalis at three levels in lambs and adult sheep. Thirty-three hearts (16 lambs and 17 sheep) were used to determine the MB (length, angle and thickness) and vessel (vessel diameter and thicknesses of tunica intima et media of ramus interventricularis paraconalis) characteristics. Independent-samples t test was applied to compare variables between lambs and sheep. Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationships between bridge and vessel characteristics at three bridge levels. Length, angle and thickness of myocardial bridges were not significantly different between the lambs and sheep (p > .05). The mean length, angle and thickness were 24.9 ± 16.1 mm, 113.7 ± 11.2° and 1,098 ± 555 µm in 33 hearts, respectively. In lambs, the mean vessel diameters were 1,930 ± 742 µm (1,534-2,325 µm), 1,247 ± 665 µm (893-1,601 µm) and 865 ± 172 µm (774-957 µm) at the pre-bridge, bridge and post-bridge levels, respectively. In sheep, the mean vessel diameters in the same order were 1,861 ± 1,068 µm, 1,337 ± 308 µm and 1,287 ± 549 µm. The bridge prevalence was 100% in the samples examined. In conclusion, coronary arterial diseases related to myocardial bridge should not be expected in sheep for veterinary cardiology practice. It may also be concluded that the cross-breeds of the Awassi and Chios sheep may be useful in experimental studies related to myocardial bridge surgery.
Insights
Myocardial bridges (MB) are common in sheep and lambs, with 100% prevalence observed. These anatomical variations in coronary arteries do not appear to cause disease in sheep, making them suitable for MB research.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Cardiology
- Comparative Anatomy
- Cardiovascular Research
Background:
- Myocardial bridges (MB) involve myocardial fibers covering coronary arteries, found in animals and humans.
- Understanding MB characteristics is crucial for diagnosing and managing potential cardiovascular issues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between myocardial bridge characteristics and the ramus interventricularis paraconalis in lambs and adult sheep.
- To assess the prevalence and anatomical features of myocardial bridges in ovine hearts.
Main Methods:
- Examined 33 ovine hearts (16 lambs, 17 sheep) to measure MB length, angle, and thickness.
- Measured vessel diameter and wall thickness of the ramus interventricularis paraconalis at pre-bridge, bridge, and post-bridge levels.
- Utilized independent-samples t-tests and Spearman's correlation analysis for statistical comparisons.
Main Results:
- Myocardial bridges were present in 100% of the examined hearts.
- No significant differences in MB length, angle, or thickness were found between lambs and adult sheep.
- Vessel diameters showed variations at different levels relative to the myocardial bridge.
Conclusions:
- Myocardial bridges are a common finding in sheep and do not appear to be associated with coronary arterial disease in veterinary cardiology.
- Ovine models, particularly Awassi and Chios cross-breeds, may be valuable for experimental research on myocardial bridge surgery.
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