Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.1K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.1K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

8.2K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
8.2K
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

861
In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
861
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

987
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
987
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.8K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.8K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

4.6K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unveiling dry eye disease prior to cataract surgery: A multicenter clinical study.

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie·2026
Same author

1 MONTH VS. 3 MONTHS HEAVY SILICONE OIL TAMPONADE IN COMPLEX RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL REDETACHMENT.

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde·2026
Same author

Results of adjunctive homogenate amniotic membrane eye drops in the management of refractory ocular surface disease with dry eye manifestations.

International ophthalmology·2026
Same author

A Multicenter, Real-World Experience with Polyhexamethylene Biguanide (PHMB) 0.08% Monotherapy for Treating Acanthamoeba Keratitis: A Retrospective Review of 39 Cases.

Ophthalmology and therapy·2026
Same author

GPT-5-assisted versus expert surgeon refractive planning in smooth incision lenticule keratomileusis (SILK): comparative analysis and visual outcomes.

International ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Inverted ILM Drape Technique for the Management of Refractory Full Thickness Macular Hole.

Retinal cases & brief reports·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
07:41

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Published on: October 23, 2020

6.4K

Ocular surface diabetic disease: A neurogenic condition?

Antonio Di Zazzo1, Marco Coassin1, Alessandra Micera2

  • 1Ophthalmology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.

The Ocular Surface
|October 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Type 1 diabetes patients experience ocular surface inflammation linked to disease duration and severity. This inflammation, driven by neurogenic dysregulation, causes discomfort but not severe corneal damage.

Keywords:
Corneal sensitivityDiabetesNeurogenic inflammationNeuropeptides

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Practical and Cost-Effective Protocol for Corneal Sensitivity Testing in Clinical Settings
04:00

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Practical and Cost-Effective Protocol for Corneal Sensitivity Testing in Clinical Settings

Published on: August 2, 2024

2.9K
Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish
05:49

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Published on: May 5, 2021

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
07:41

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Published on: October 23, 2020

6.4K
Author Spotlight: Establishing a Practical and Cost-Effective Protocol for Corneal Sensitivity Testing in Clinical Settings
04:00

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Practical and Cost-Effective Protocol for Corneal Sensitivity Testing in Clinical Settings

Published on: August 2, 2024

2.9K
Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish
05:49

Alternate Immersion in Glucose to Produce Prolonged Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish

Published on: May 5, 2021

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects multiple organ systems, including the eyes.
  • Ocular surface complications in T1D can impact patient quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate clinical and inflammatory changes in the ocular surface of T1D patients.
  • To correlate ocular surface findings with disease duration, glycemic control, and retinopathy stage.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study of 106 T1D patients (209 eyes).
  • Ocular surface assessment, corneal sensitivity, tear film stability, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire.
  • Conjunctival impression cytology for neuromediators (NPY, STAT-5) and inflammatory molecules (ICAM-1).

Main Results:

  • Reduced corneal sensitivity and tear break-up time (TBUT) correlated with longer disease duration, higher HbA1c, and proliferative retinopathy.
  • OSDI scores increased with higher HbA1c levels.
  • Elevated NPY, STAT-5, and ICAM-1 in T1D patients, with a correlation between NPY and ICAM-1.

Conclusions:

  • Long-standing T1D leads to chronic ocular surface inflammation via neurogenic dysregulation.
  • Ocular surface system failure causes discomfort but typically not neurotrophic keratopathy.
  • Disease duration, HbA1c, and retinopathy severity are critical factors in T1D ocular surface changes.