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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Immune Checkpoint Therapy Drives Maturation of a Cellular Neighborhood Nucleated by T Cell-APC Triads Enabling Spatially Compartmentalized Tumor Immunity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy
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Preparation of Tumor Antigen-loaded Mature Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy

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Poly-ICLC, a multi-functional immune modulator for treating cancer.

Hussein Sultan1, Andres M Salazar2, Esteban Celis3

  • 1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Seminars in Immunology
|October 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Poly-ICLC enhances anti-tumor T cell responses by overcoming key cancer immunotherapy barriers. This immune modulator boosts T cell frequency, infiltration, and reduces tumor suppression for improved cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
Cancer immunotherapyCancer vaccinesImmunomodulationPattern recognition receptorsT cell tumor infiltrationVascular endothelial cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapies are first-line treatments but benefit limited patients.
  • Success is hindered by low T cell frequency, poor tumor infiltration, and suppressive tumor microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review poly-ICLC as a multi-functional immunomodulator for cancer treatment.
  • To assess poly-ICLC's impact on overcoming immunotherapy resistance barriers.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of poly-ICLC's dual stimulation of TLR3 and MDA5 pattern recognition receptors.
  • Analysis of poly-ICLC's role as an adjuvant in cancer vaccines.
  • Review of poly-ICLC's effects on cytokine and chemokine production.

Main Results:

  • Poly-ICLC stimulates TLR3 and MDA5, influencing cytokine and chemokine profiles.
  • Poly-ICLC acts as an effective adjuvant for peptide-based and in situ tumor vaccination.
  • Poly-ICLC enhances T cell infiltration into tumor parenchyma.

Conclusions:

  • Poly-ICLC addresses critical barriers in cancer immunotherapy.
  • Its ability to boost T cell activity and infiltration offers clinical potential for cancer treatment.