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Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development

As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.

Primary Production

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.

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Related Experiment Video

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Design and Use of an Apparatus for Quantifying Bivalve Suspension Feeding at Sea

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Published on: September 5, 2018

Developing policy and practice for marine net gain.

Tara Hooper¹, Melanie Austen¹, Aisling Lannin²

¹School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.

Journal of Environmental Management

|October 4, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Achieving marine net gain requires moving beyond traditional no net loss (NNL) approaches. Effective strategies must address cumulative impacts, integrate fisheries management, and consider environmental, not just biodiversity, gains.

Keywords:

Ecosystem services Marine planning Natural capital Net gain Offsetting

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Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Design and Use of an Apparatus for Quantifying Bivalve Suspension Feeding at Sea

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Assessing Intertidal Populations of the Invasive European Green Crab

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Published on: September 16, 2020

Area of Science:

Marine conservation science
Environmental policy
Biodiversity management

Background:

Global policies increasingly mandate no net loss (NNL) of biodiversity for development projects.
There is growing momentum to extend these policies to achieve net gain, particularly in the marine environment.
Lessons from NNL approaches are crucial for developing effective marine net gain strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the limitations of current NNL approaches for achieving marine net gain.
To identify challenges and opportunities for implementing successful marine net gain policies.
To propose a broader perspective for marine net gain, encompassing environmental and natural capital considerations.

Main Methods:

Analysis of existing NNL mitigation hierarchies and their application in marine development.
Review of challenges in data availability, governance frameworks, and environmental impact assessment (EIA).
Exploration of the integration of marine spatial planning, fisheries management, and stakeholder engagement.

Main Results:

Site-based, like-for-like compensation is insufficient for significant marine environmental recovery.
Current EIA processes inadequately address cumulative effects, hindering net gain aspirations.
Existing governance frameworks present limitations for effective marine net gain implementation.

Conclusions:

A shift towards a broader environmental net gain, incorporating natural capital and species, is advantageous.
Effective marine net gain necessitates addressing cumulative impacts and enhancing regional marine planning.
Successful implementation requires integrating fisheries management and robust public and stakeholder co-production.